Lithium niobate high-frequency phase modulator

1064/1310/1550 nm lithium niobate (LiNbO3) high-frequency phase modulator uses titanium diffusion or proton exchange technology to fabricate optical waveguides. The input and output fibers are precisely diagonally coupled with the waveguides, and the electro-optic effect of lithium niobate material is utilized to achieve phase modulation of optical signals. Ti diffusion or proton exchange (APE) waveguide processes can respectively achieve phase modulation with birefringence or single polarization.